Day 11: Big Toadfish, Bigger Reef

We finally began our first research project here on the reef! This one focuses on parrotfish behavior, particularly their feeding habits. We decided to focus on four species of parrotfish, stoplight, redband, redtail, and striped parrotfish.

We returned back to the two patch reefs off the dock of Middle Caye. I paired up with Elise and we began our search for striped parrotfish! We found four groups that kept darting around between the reefs and seagrass, constantly being chased way by damselfish.

While roaming around the closer of the two patch reefs, we spotted a white spotted toadfish hiding in the reef, which was super cool.

I think I saw the tail of a red hind hiding in a small cave, but the cave was too dark to tell. However, we did stumble across a huge trumpetfish hiding in some branch corals!

We returned to two further patch reefs after lunch to look for more striped parrotfish. During that process we saw a cave with huge French and queen angelfish and a couple of blue tangs. We also saw this weirdly shaped fish with a huge body and a tiny caudal fin rush by. We tried to chase it but it was a bit too fast 😔.

As we continued to swim along the edge of the reef, we kept seeing more and more huge angelfish and blue tangs. Apparently two barracudas were spotted in the area but we never saw them. Our underwater camera also broke almost as soon as we got into the water in the afternoon, so we were unable to take any pictures of these fish.

Right before dinner, Dr. Evans and Dr. Solomon went back to the close patch reefs to spear a couple lionfish. They were successful and managed to catch two!

We ended our day with a couple of extra presentations from the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), the organization that owns Middle Caye, the Belizean Fisheries Department, and the Coast Guard, which were all super interesting and insightful. I never realized the full reach of WCS, and the same organization that owns the Bronx Zoo also does work out in Glover’s Reef/Atoll.

All in all, today was a really fun and eventful day. Hoping to see more of what these reefs and this atoll has to offer!

Ian C

Day 10: First Snorkle!

Today marks our first day on Middle Caye! Breakfast is back at 7:00 AM, which surprisingly doesn’t feel that early anymore. We started the day with a morning practice dive, trying out our snorkel gear in the ocean for the first time. Whatever happened in between the first time snorkeling in the Rec pool and now must’ve been a miracle, because I felt so much more comfortable snorkeling in the ocean this time.

We swam out to the nearest two patch reefs, both to get comfortable traversing through the ocean and to get the opportunity to start looking for wildlife. We saw a queen conch, some bonefish, parrotfish, and some purple fan corals!

After lunch we went for our first real snorkel, to a patch reef called the Aquarium. There were so many cool fish, including a resting nurse shark, a stingray, schools of various parrotfish, damselfish, and a ton of blue tangs.

As for groupers, there were a couple of red hinds, and although not true groupers, we saw a couple harlequin basslets too.

It was a super cool experience as I’ve never seen a coral reef with my own two eyes, and the amount of fish hiding throughout the reef was insane. Everywhere I looked there would be something cool to see, and I’m really excited to find more!

Ian C

Corals and Conservation: Exploring MPAs

We kicked off the day by talking through our research question: How does species biodiversity differ between Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and non-MPA zones? After some discussion, we decided to test whether MPAs actually support more biodiversity and healthier reefs.

To investigate, we snorkeled at four reef sites—two inside MPAs and two outside. At each site, we swam along three transects and took three photos per transect to make sure we had clear images for analysis.

While snorkeling, the difference between the zones was striking. The MPA sites were bursting with life—especially soft corals like sea fans, sea rods, and sea fingers. These corals aren’t rigid like the hard corals we often picture, but they’re just as important. Soft corals add structure to the reef, provide habitat for marine life, and are good indicators of reef health. Seeing them thriving in the MPAs was a good sign.

After reviewing our photos, our initial impression held up: MPA zones showed higher biodiversity and healthier coral communities. It’s amazing how much protection can impact reef life—and how much soft corals can tell us about the bigger picture.

Day 12: Gotta catch ‘em all

Today, in the morning, we got together as a group and analyzed our data from the fish follow surveys we did yesterday. One thing that was a little surprising to me was that the parrotfish were not regularly eating coral, but instead seemed to be scraping or pulling algae off the coral. I had thought that their diets would be primarily coral, but we learned that most parrotfish don’t actually eat living corals. We made a poster with some illustrations and tables showing what we had found and presented it out on the dock. At this point, by our third poster, we know the procedure by heart.

Working on the poster!

Later in the morning, we waded out into the shallow sea grass beds to collect critters for observation. We had to learn the stingray shuffle for safety—instead of taking big steps, take little shuffling steps, so that you don’t accidentally step on a stingray. That kicked up a ton of sand, so it was hard to see the bottom of the sea grass beds, but it still was possible to collect little sea creatures. We didn’t have to go far to find interesting things, and very quickly we were picking up small fish, crabs, and little arthropods. I was particularly won over by a larger snail we collected, which would intermittently shoot water at us out of the bucket. On our way back in, Elise caught a box jellyfish by accident, thinking it was something else. We quarantined it in its own tray for safety. We all came away unscathed, if a little sunburned.

Back in the lab, we broke out the microscopes to look at them closer. The seaweed samples we collected were teeming with life in the form of tiny epiphytes, and the creatures looked so interesting under the microscopes. We separated the crabs into an observation bucket as well—we couldn’t put them under the microscopes, of course, but we had little hand lenses we could use to look at them closer. We observed them until lunch and then, after lunch, released them off the dock.

My snail friend

In the afternoon, we hiked the interpretive trail around the island. It took us to the coral graveyard, a beach absolutely covered in fossilized coral. There were so many different types, although the branching corals did not survive as well as the mounding corals—because of their more fragile structure they tended to be more broken up. There were also fossil shells, including conch shells. Because they became more brittle when they fossilized, they were often broken and you could see the internal structure, which was super cool. I also found one which still had some of the original shell poking through the fossilized portions, which was neat. Unfortunately, the beach was also covered in trash, possibly from large storms. That was true for a bunch of the trail, which was a bummer because it was otherwise quite beautiful.

Half-fossilized conch in the coral graveyard

In the evening, we had planned to do a night snorkel but it was too windy and conditions were not safe. Instead, we dropped flashlights off the dock to attract fish and other interesting sea creatures. We caught some of them and put them in a bucket temporarily for closer observation. These included glass eels, the larval stage of the bone fish we had been seeing. Eventually we started to attract predators, including a small squid. We were all impressed, and started joking thst we should try and catch it. It was swimming close to the dock, but I assumed we wouldn’t be able to do it. Claire D gave it a shot and pulled it out of the water first try! It was super impressive. We observed it in the bucket for a little while watching it swim around, change colors, and even ink. Eventually, we decided it was time to release it and call it a night. What an experience! It’ll be hard to top.

Squid!!

Day 11: Parrotfish Diet Exploration

Today we did our first experiment out on the reef. After breakfast, we got together and designed the experiment. First, we formulated our question by brainstorming the things we had been curious about from our previous day out on the reef. We settled on parrotfish partially because we had been seeing a lot of them and partially because they seem particularly interesting. We decided to do fish follow surveys in which we pick an individual and observe them for a period of time, recording what they do in that interval. We were looking at their eating habits in particular, which are a bit hard to pin down. We ended up deciding to watch the fish for a total of 45 minutes, following individuals for five minutes at a time. Our first location in the morning was the patch reef and sea grass beds just off the docks, and in the afternoon we looked at patch reefs further out.

With our experimental designed, we had to pick our subjects to narrow down our focus. We opted to look at four species in particular and divided them up among the different groups. My group was looking at their redtail parrotfish, which we understood predominantly ate sea grass. We set out, staked out the sea grass beds by the dock, and started our time. We had trouble finding parrotfish close to the dock, so we kept swimming further out. As we got further from the dock (and closer to the reef), we started seeing more parrotfish, but not the ones we were looking for. We primarily saw striped parrotfish

In order to have replicates, in the afternoon, we went on the boat to a new patch reef. As an aside, we learned today that Glover’s has over 900 patch reefs, so I ill be saying ‘we visited a new patch reef’ quite a lot. We visited two patch reefs and they both seemed even more vibrant than the reef by the dock at Glover’s. We saw plenty more striped parrotfish in decently sized schools and were also able to see some of the redtail parrotfish as well. They seemed more concentrated on the margin of the reef, but they definitely were eating the sea grass. We also saw a fair number predatory fish, including a handful of barracudas. I think we started to see more species once we figured out not to swim so aggressively and instead to sort fo drift. We weren’t seeing the redtail parrotfish before because they were so skittish, but once we started drifting we saw all kinds of fish. I was also fairly impressed by the massive conchs.

In the evening, we were treated to presentations by representatives from the Wildlife Conservation Society, the Belizean fisheries service, and the coast guard, all of which operate out of this island. We learned about what each group does on the island and how the protected area is maintained. It was a nice compliment to the similar presentation we had at Las Cuevas. That might be one of the most valuable aspects of this trip, to me—learning all about how research stations operate and what researchers do there.

Overall, a hugely successful day! We’ll start tomorrow with data analysis and poster making from our fish follow surveys, and then move on to more activities. Apparently we’re not doing as much snorkeling tomorrow, but I’m excited to see what activities are in store on land.

Parrotfish swimming along coral and sea grass
Initial-stage parrotfish! Can you spot them?

Day 10: Getting comfortable in the water

Today was our first day of real snorkeling out on the reef. In the morning, we snorkeled right off the dock to make sure we could all comfortably swim and make sure we were comfortable with our gear. After about 15 minutes of practice, we swam out to a patch reef nearby and looked around for a bit. In total, in the morning, we were in the water for around an hour. I was surprised by how exhausting that hour was and how sore I was after. Being in the water for that long took a lot out of me. We also came out salty from the seawater and had to rinse all our gear to ensure that it wouldn’t corrode. It didn’t occur to me that that might happen but I suppose it makes sense. After rinsing our gear and doing a quick debrief, we were released for the morning.

I’m the afternoon, we took a boat maybe 10 minutes away from where we were staying and snorkeled there. It was super shallow and we had to be careful where we were swimming to avoid bumping the reef. The reef itself was super beautiful. We stopped at two locations, and they both were a host to an incredible array of fish and corals. We even saw a nurse shark and some rays! The coral itself was amazing to look at as well—after hearing all about it, I was super glad to be able to recognize some of the hard and soft corals.

The corals of Glover’s Reef atoll

I was looking for cryptobenthic fish. Because it was so shallow, I didn’t have to dive far to see them because the reef was so shallow, but I had a really hard time photographing them. Our phones were in these dry bags which protected them from the water, but underwater the touchscreen wouldn’t respond. After talking to some classmates, I eventually learned that you can open the camera app before and then just use the volume button to take pictures. I still had a bit of trouble—at one point, I accidentally took a time lapse, and then I accidentally took a slow-motion video (which caught some fish, but still). I also just had a hard time holding the camera steady and taking clear photos, and even in the clear ones it’s hard to make out the fish. Part of the problem is that they’re so small, well-camouflaged, and near the bottom.

Corals and sponges underwater.
I thought I had a cryptobenthic fish in frame when I took this picture, but I’ve lost it! Can you find it?

Technical difficulties aside, I did see some of my taxon. The most common cryptobenthic fish I could see are gobies and blennies. They’re both elongate, but gobies tend to be more streamlined while blennies are a little more round and often have . Insterestingly, I was only seeing gobies, and really only one particular genus—Elacatinus. I wonder if that’s because of the habitats or if it has to do with what I was primed or able to see. I’ll find out soon. I’m excited to see what types of experiments and tests we’ll do out here on the reef.

Crabs, Coral, and a Box Jellyfish

We started the morning working on our research poster, which focuses on parrotfish. As part of our project, we did a fish follow survey and found that parrotfish spend most of their time eating algae. They’re basically the reef’s cleanup crew.

After that, we went out to the seagrass beds to see what we could catch using nets and buckets. We found a bunch of cool stuff—hermit crabs, other small crabs, and even a box jellyfish! That one definitely got our attention. We were careful, of course, but it was wild to see one up close.

In the afternoon, we visited what’s called the coral graveyard, and honestly, it was kind of amazing. There were old dead brain corals, finger corals, sea rods, sea fans, and more. It really gave a sense of how much life used to be there. In the shallow water near the rocks, we also saw snails with these round, hard carbonate shells that seal shut like little trapdoors—so cool to watch.

We finished the day with presentations, which was a great way to tie it all together. A long day, but packed with discoveries!

Day 12: Parrotfish Eating and Middle Caye Exploration!

May 27, 2025

GRRS Day 3 

Today was a bit more of a chill day… all 16 of us I think are a little tired. Excited and happy to be here, but definitely tired. Luckily, there is amazing tropical field biology to be seen from the comfort of Middle Caye (the island GRRS sits on.) In the morning, we made a poster for the parrotfish experiment, presented it, then explored the shallow seagrass beds and found little snails, crabs, fish, and all sorts of cool things. I got sunburnt :/ 

The afternoon saw some cool stuff too, as we walked along the trail to the “coral graveyard” where Pleistocene-era corals are all fossilized on the beach. It was interesting to see how the graveyard faded into the water and eventually into a living reef, a testament to the geology of how the island came about and could possibly grow as those corals die and trap sediment. I also loved to see the life under these corals, as their fossils made a perfect habitat for snails, little crabs, and sea urchins! I saw something I’ve never seen before, a Bryozoan! The one thing I didn’t like about the coral graveyard was the amount of litter and rubbish everywhere, that was obviously washed up by the ocean. Made me sad to see it all, and wonder if there could be some volunteer project hosted by the WCS to clean it up. We also happened upon a beach, where we found an entire (open, full of seawater) bottle of gold rum. Also, an important note about the beach: all that sand is Wrasse (parrotfish) poop! Even though I didn’t see wrasses today, I certainly saw their effects!

At night, we were supposed to go snorkeling, but that did not happen due to weather conditions. We didn’t let it get us down though, as we had a great night of “night lighting” off the dock. Basically, we tied a light to a dock post and had it bobbing around for about an hour. We saw all sorts of cool things attracted to the light, including little shrimps, larval crabs, glass eels (larval stage of tarpon, bonefish, and eels) and a reef squid we named Angie (after our amazing cook at LCRS.) 

As we complete day 3, I realize we’re already more than halfway through the GRRS portion of our class. It is crazy to think that we will be landing in Houston in just a couple days! 

Images

Bryozoan found on flipped over fossilized coral
Parrotfish Eating Behaviors Poster
Angie the Reef Squid

Day 12: Chasing Hats, Boxing Jellyfish, and Catching Squid

Hi everyone! It’s day 4 on the reef and what a day it’s been! We started the morning by compiling and analyzing the results of our fish-follow project. Our conclusion: all parrotfish species preferred the outskirts of reefs, ate algae, and most terminal stage males were not eating. We created a poster with our findings and presented it to Dr. Solomon and Dr. Evans on the dock…with a minor interruption. My hat flew off my head while presenting and I had to jump in the water and grab it. I was dripping wet for the rest of the presentation, but at least I didn’t lose the hat.

We also explored the mangroves in the morning and caught some interesting critters including crabs, snails, and small fish. It turned out though that we weren’t the only ones hunting in the mangroves. I swung my net at what I thought was a crab and came up with a box jellyfish! Box jellys follow noise and movement to track prey and are incredibly venomous when they sting. I was really lucky to come out unscathed.

After lunch (sandwiches), we explored the rest of the island, including the “coral graveyard.” This is an area of beach where dead coral of many different species are piled high. We observed several small invertebrates living in the area, including snails and sea urchins. I was surprised to find a lot of trash on the beaches and trails we visited. I am looking forward to our beach clean-up day later this week.

Sea urchin at coral graveyard
Coral Graveyard
Sunset at Glover’s

We ended the day by setting up lights off the dock to see what nocturnal species we could attract. We somehow ended up catching fish, shrimp, glass eels, and, get ready for it, a small squid with our nets! We found a bucket for Angie (the squid) and got to observe her ink and hunt. I am looking forward to seeing what else we can find tomorrow and snorkeling again from off the boat. That’s all for now! – Elise

SQUID!

Day 11: Fish-Follow, Toadfish, and Meeting the Queen (Angelfish)

Hi everyone! It’s day 3 on the reef and I hope you can sea it was a good one : ) We started our first project today using a technique called “fish follow.” This is essentially when someone follows around a fish for a given amount of time (5 minutes for us) and observes its behavior. We decided to use this technique to determine what different species of parrotfish are eating on the reef. My snorkel buddy Ian and I decided to follow striped parrotfish. Other groups observed redtail, redband, and stoplight parrotfish. We swam out to the patch reefs near the station in the morning to sample for 45 minutes.

While snorkeling, Ian spotted something remarkable hiding in the coral — a white-spotted toadfish! These fish are super cool because they can produce calls that sound like a hum that can be heard even from out of the water. I would encourage you to go look up what they look like at this time if you haven’t already. They are very hard to spot (it took me three duck dives to see what Ian was pointing at).

Hydrating post-snorkel
Resting up : )

After lunch (pizza!) and a brief nap in a hammock, we headed out for two more snorkels in the boat. While snorkeling, we found the angelfish trifecta — 2 queen angelfish, 3 gray angelfish (2 feet long), and 1 gray angelfish (2-2.5 feet long). It was amazing to see! I look forward to seeing what else we can find as we explore the mangroves tomorrow. That’s all for now! – Elise

Chicken liver sponge or Caribbean Chicken-liver sponge (Chondrilla nucula) undersea, Aegean Sea, Greece, Halkidiki

Please note that from now on, I will be using some of my classmates images (like the one above) for this blog. The GoPro has still not woken up : (