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Day Fo(u)r-Trash (Fourteen…ok maybe I ran out of ideas but the vision is there): Doing our Part with Waste Pickup and Lionfish Hunts

Our last day at GRRS! And we spent it doing some pretty worthwhile things. We started off in preparation for our final ever TFB poster. And our final ever project together… a trash pickup around the beach! Since we’ve landed here, we’ve definitely noticed the waste pile around different areas of the atoll, including some sites by our dorm and the coral graveyard we visited earlier. 

Our project ended up focusing on different areas of the island, from more protected mangroves to the less protected and more exposed coral graveyard to observe how trash might vary in this spectrum. Unfortunately, no matter where we looked, trash was trash–the island showed definitive coverage via our quadrant methodology. It was a good reminder of how nothing is isolated in the ocean–things can pile up from anywhere and everywhere with consequential impacts.

On a lighter note, we got to do a lionfish dissection from the fish Dr. Evans and Dr. Solomon had hunted earlier. Lionfish are invasive species, which actually makes this a super encouraged practice in the area. We did pretty good with our lionfish even though it was super small, until we had to find these two bulb-like bones in the skull called the otoliths. At which point we gave up and started dissecting the eyes and other parts of our fish that could be salvaged… which also wasn’t much at that point. 

the OG lionfish

This and some yummy coconuts later, we began packing and bid our farewell to the islands. A bunch of us went to the dock one last time, which was super bittersweet. Cannot believe our time is over here, it feels like just yesterday when we were at LCRS… but a final travel day awaits… 

Taxon update! Just the sand that the parrotfish have definitely excreted, but no actual parrotfish 🙁

goodbye for now

Day Thir-sty(teen): Looking for Life in Parched Reefs

Our second-to-last day at the reef! It’s crazy to think about how quickly time has passed since being at GRRS. I think being on the beach has genuinely made time pass differently, but still so worthwhile.

Today, our main project focused on understanding protected zones in the ocean. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are regions of the ocean designated for long-term conservation, maintaining reef flora and fauna in the area. To understand the impact of these zones, we performed some surveys of both MPA areas and non-MPA areas. Which ended up being a bit harder than it sounded. We started by using these quadrants, letting them settle to the ocean floor, and taking pictures of the area. Kinda like this!

Adam and I did really good with the first few quadrants. Unfortunately, as time passed it became harder for me to dive all the way down and retrieve the quadrants, so Adam carried that massively. We even ended up being a bit behind at the end, but we ended up pushing through, and some people saw a dolphin in the extra time we were underwater! (Who are we if not people who create opportunities?)

We ended up making the poster later in the day, which was super fun. Elise cooked with our title. And then it was dock time and watching the sea life. 

Taxon update! A bunch of striped parrotfish in the MPAs, which made me super happy.

#Our last day tomorrow!!

Day Dozin’ (Dozen): Docking Down and Dillydallying Deep

A little break from snorkeling! After the classic eggs, beans, and bread, we went out to the seagrass patch by the doc, adding things into buckets that we could potentially observe under a microscope. Dyllan and I got a pair of tongs each, while Elise and Claire D. got some small fish nets, and other people got buckets or an assortment of the tools. It was so so fun! I clipped up so many different types of seagrass to put in the buckets. I also caught a few hermit crabs and some random insects on the surface of the water. Others were able to catch some really fast larval fish, a lot more hermit crabs, some sea snails, and even some shrimp. Best of all though, Dr. Evans caught this yellow-purple land crab in the mangroves, and Elise caught a box jelly! It was even cooler watching them all under the microscope. I saw black spots on the clear coverings of the larval fish, epiphytes on the various sea grass, and cool miniature structures on some of the algae. 

After that, it was time for the temple of lunch, which was this really yummy fried egg sandwich with lettuce and tomato. Also the softest bread I have ever eaten, it must’ve been homemade. Soon after, it was time for the temple of the dock. Tanning on the pristine dock, listening to folk music and ocean waves, it was such a divine experience.

It was then time for a walk on the coral graveyard, which makes up the perimeter of the GRRS Island, Middle Caye. Walking across these fossilized coral, it was astounding to see just how dust settled atop the dead coral. It was a sea of grey and white, representative of debris and sun bleaching respectively. We identified at least 6-8 different forms of hard coral settled in the area. We also saw some soft coral like the purple sea fan slowly fossilizing, which was interesting because it would consistently retain its structure and color, just drying out to eventually turn into dust. In millions of years, this area will likely become a cave, or something else that may karstify. But if it does, it might have a layer of thin, colorful rock interspersed, composed of the plastic litter within the area. Among the dozens of bottles, slippers, and bags, it was a stark reminder that no matter how isolated the islands seem, the ocean connects all.

In the rocky sea nearby, we got to see and pick up a bunch of purple and red sea urchins! They moved all across my hand, it was crazy. Claire C. also picked up a brittle sea star. Walking down across the rest of the beach, I also noticed the various trees and logs across this area.

Mangroves grew along the coastline, with coconut trees and decomposing logs everywhere. Something interesting about the coconut trees–the coconuts themselves are shallowly attached to the sand, splitting open for tendrils and roots to emerge. I had never realized this before, but makes sense given the poor nutrition and loose texture of the soil. It could be the reason why the coconut is so big and nourishing. Also, the trees grow really really slanted because of the strong sea winds, which I thought was really cool. It’s common across all trees, but the extent is unlike anything I’ve noticed. Another fun fact, there were some really cool bright red shelf fungi on the logs which I’d never seen before. Not my beach taxon, but still really cool.

After a yummy dinner and the classic taxon and topic presentations, it was time for a night fish! This was so so cool. We put some lights into the ocean and watched the jumpy larval fish team around. I was even able to catch a couple! We also caught some shrimp, and Claire D. caught a squid. Eventually, we did try feeding the squid some shrimp. It squirted a bunch of its black ink, changing colors to match the ink, the white bucket, and the speckled nets. Didn’t catch any of the shrimp though, which was kinda lame. But I was a big fan of the night fishing catch otherwise. That’s my first fish ever caught, which is kinda crazy. I did lose a slipper though, so sorry to contribute to that big pile of slippers on the coral graveyard.

Taxon Spotting: Unfortunately I didn’t get to see any parrotfish today. But we saw so much sand across the trails, and 70% of Caribbean sands come from parrotfish excrement. So putting two and two together, we saw a lot of evidence of all of the prominent species across the beach. 

Day Ocean’s Eleven: Chasing Parrotfish

Waking up to the bright sun, fierce sea wind, and palm trees outside the window is definitely a privilege. After a great breakfast of eggs, bread, and beans, it was time to go to the wet lab! Based on our observations from yesterday, we decided to observe more parrotfish. It’s been really fun learning about the taxon in practice–theory can only go so far. But essentially, we decided to understand their feeding behaviors better. Parrotfish are known to eat off the bottom of shallow ocean floors, be it coral reefs or seagrass patches. Based on our observations, this could potentially mean them eating algae off of these patches or eating these things for sustenance specifically. 

So we decided to test it out! We split up into 7 different groups looking for four of the most common species we had spotted, including the Striped Parrotfish, the Stoplight Parrotfish, the Redband Parrotfish, and the Redtail Parrotfish. We then divided up by potential habitats the fish could be grazing in. Adam and I, along with Lily and Sohee, ended up taking seagrass to observe the parrotfish in. We were especially hoping to see the Redtail here, which is distinct in its grey and red coloration in its female, or initial phase. 

Our first site was a patch of seagrass right by the dock. Snorkeling here, we found tons of Striped Parrotfish surprisingly! These fish swam in groups of 6-10, nibbling on algae without any real damage to the material. This indicated them potentially feeding on algae in these areas. We then went closer to the aquarium, the series of shallow reef and seagrass patches interspersed with each other. In our second site, we spotted even more Striped Parrotfish. No redtail in site yet. Finally, our third site rolled around. This time, we also followed Dr. Evans and went closer to the edge of the reef and seagrass, rather than seagrass beds alone. Almost immediately, we saw some Redtail and even a Redband! With their dusky coloration, both were super skittish, grazing on grass before immediately hiding in the reef.

A still from one of my super blurry fish follow videos

Analyzing our videos, Adam and I realized we weren’t going to be expert underwater photographers anytime soon. But the snorkeling was so much fun, made better by a nap on the bench outside my dorm. After, we had some really interesting talks by the manager of GRRS, a marine biologist on board, and some of the coast guards. Hearing about their work in person was super interesting, especially when the coastguard showed us their rifles and discussed their intense training. 

And that was the day! Stay tuned for more tomorrow!

Day inTENse: Rocky Starts and Oceanic Comebacks

Our first day snorkeling! The ocean looked super pristine and calm above water. Jumping in, however, was a whole different story. As soon as I hit the water at 10 am though, I panicked. Mask flooded and fogged, legs weakly kicking back against strong surges of waves, I opted to be on a life raft instead. Tugged around by lifeguards Domenique and Adrian, I followed along, and ended up spotting a  nurse shark, varieties of angelfish, parrotfish, and damselfish, and a plethora of colorful coral. By the end of the session, I was ready to be back in the ocean.

But first, I needed a quick (2 hour) nap on our wet lab’s hammock. Sleeping in the hammock amidst the hot, humid climate was a life altering experience. After that and lunch, it was time for another snorkel at a series of patch reefs at Glover’s Reef Research Station (GRRS) known as the Aquarium. Testing out my phone camera and video, I was able to spot so many parrotfish, as well as a barracuda, some really pretty sea urchin, and beautiful coral. From the fire and maze corals to the purple sea fan, the diversity within singular patches was amazing to see. It really made me realize the reason Belize’s coast is called the largest “living” reef. 

hammocking!

After snorkeling, we analyzed all the images we got. Sam and I spent an especially long time looking at the parrotfish and wrasses around the area. Interestingly, we both saw an initial phase female striped parrotfish transitioning into a male, or terminal phase parrotfish! These are distinct in that the female typically exhibits duller, red-warm colors, while the male is more vibrant, exhibiting blues and greens. Seeing this transition was super cool and definitely a highlight. We also identified a bunch of striped parrotfish and stoplight parrotfish, both in their initial phases. What was most interesting though, was the behavior we saw, from chasing females across territorial boundaries, to grazing and excretion. Fun fact–parrotfish excrete sand!

The transitioning parrotfish!

An exciting, but tiring day for sure. More to come soon!

 

Belize Day 10: The Reef Life of BIOS 319

Staring contest – you versus Barracuda. Ready… go! I was snorkeling around the dock in the seagrass when I saw this noticeably long, skinny, sand-colored fish with a long snout below me. I had been trailing behind all of the conspicuous fish I saw (trying to experience a day in the life of a fish), but this guy didn’t keep swimming along once he noticed me. He froze and made intense eye contact. At the time, I didn’t know he was a barracuda, but his gaze made me pretty uncomfortable, so after a minute stare-down, I fled.

Moving on quickly, I scanned the seagrass to see what else I could spot. There lay a sea anemone, tucked away under the grass; true (shell-producing) crabs climbing around; and some tiny, rock-colored fish (likely gobies or blennies) weaving in and out of the grass stalks. When we first entered the water to practice snorkeling, the seagrasses seemed lifeless, dusty, and mossy, but after staring for a minute, their species richness, hiding in plain sight, revealed itself. Making our way back to the dock, we interrupted a massive (1-2 thousand) school of jackfish and saw a nurse shark swimming back and forth through the coverage of the seagrass. Today I learned that seagrass ecosystems are super underrated. 

After lunch, we squeezed on our super suits (our full-body, nylon watersuits) and boated out to the further reefs, with water clear as day and sponges galore. I was able to photograph and identify most of the sponges around with the help of my taxon ID sheet: yellow tube sponges, lavender rope sponges, scattered pore rope sponges, fire sponges, and chicken liver sponges. I’m guessing that it’s called that because it looks like chicken liver. 

Chicken liver sponge or Caribbean Chicken-liver sponge (Chondrilla nucula) undersea, Aegean Sea, Greece, Halkidiki

(Chicken Liver Sponge – IStock) 

 

(Yellow Tube Sponge – 05/25/25)

 

(Yellow Scattered Pore Rope Sponge – 05/25/25)

But all of the sun of the day cooked me a bit. Sohee and I swam over to the calmer seagrasses to fight off the sea sickness, where we continued to sea super neat organisms. When Dr. Evans came to check in on us, he set his hand down on a “rock” that jumped up and darted away, better described as a flounder fish. 

(Seagrass Pause – 05/25/25)

I’m excited to explore this new ecosystem, but without the shade of the rainforest’s tree canopy, I think I need to pace myself over these next few days to avoid shriveling up. I’m going to nap with a fan to replenish for a day of snorkeling (and sponge IDing!) tomorrow. 

Peace out,

Lily H. 🙂 2025

Day 15: Planes, Boats, and Automobiles

Hi everyone! I’m coming to you today from the Belize airport! We are on our way back to the States after an amazing trip. We left the sharks, rays, and hermit crabs of Glover’s reef this morning at 6:00 am. The boat ride today was much less choppy than the one on the way to the reef (which was kind of unfortunate because I enjoyed the salty sea spray) and we saw a dolphin and a sea turtle swimming nearby.

In the customs line
On the bus

We then took a bus from the marina to the airport, breezed through security and immigration, and grabbed some lunch from a restaurant (I had a sandwich).

In the car
On the airplane

We will arrive back in Houston around 4:30 pm and are expected to return to campus around 6:00 pm. It’s been an incredible trip thus far and I can’t wait to share all my stories with friends and family back home. That’s for now! – Elise

Day 14: Trash Pick-Up, Lionfish, and Coconut Water

Hi everyone! Today is the last day on the reef! We started it off with a trash pick-up around the island. We noticed quite a lot had washed up on the beaches during our “coral graveyard” visit and I was glad that we could work together to clean some of it up. However, this was not just any trash pick-up. In tropical field biologist fashion, we turned it into a project on the distribution of trash on protected vs. unprotected parts of the island. We used quadrats to sample various parts of three different beaches and recorded the abundance and types of trash found. We spent the rest of the morning creating a poster to summarize our results. What we found was inconclusive and answering the question of the impact of marine protected status on trash abundance would require further study.

View from Glover’s dock in the morning

After lunch (pasta), we headed to the wet lab. When we arrived, we were greeted by 5 lionfish and some forceps and scissors, and we completed a comprehensive dissection to learn more about their diets and body structure. Ian, Sadhana, and I were unsuccessful at determining the age of our lionfish based on a small bone in its inner ear, but we learned that our fish was male and was hungry (it had very little in its stomach).

Lionfish Dissection

Then came the best part of any dissection — eating what’s left over! Dr. Solomon and Dr. Evans cooked the rest of the lionfish meat into a dish called ceviche. It was delicious, and was especially great with the coconut water one of the staff members obtained for us.

Ceviche

I’m not looking forward to leaving tomorrow because this trip has been so fun and exciting. However, I would not say no to an ice cream sandwich when I get back. That’s all for now! – Elise

Day 13: Quadrats, Posters, and the Day the GoPro Died

Hi everyone! It’s day 5 on the reef! We started off today with a new project — evaluating reef health and biodiversity inside and outside marine protected areas. We utilized a piece of equipment called a quadrat (square made out of PVC pipe) to sample coral clusters at 4 different sites — 2 protected, 2 unprotected. While snorkeling, I observed several small french angelfish, but I wasn’t super excited to see them. I’m afraid my expectations have gotten too high after seeing the 2 foot long ones 2 days ago.

Sampling with quadrats!
We also found a Sea Cucumber!

We spent the afternoon analyzing our results and creating a poster summarizing the study, our fourth of the course. What we found confirmed our hypothesis: protected areas tended to be more biodiverse and healthier overall. 

The afternoon also involved a tough realization. My GoPro, which I used to take pictures in the rainforest and while diving on the first day at the reef, had succumbed to overhydration. Water had gotten behind the screen and days of drying out did not fix it

Back when the GoPro worked : (

Thankfully, my classmates have working cameras and have taken some amazing pictures. I will be sure to include some below. I am looking forward to our last day at the reef tomorrow (although I’m very sad that it will be our last day!). In particular, I hope to see another squid or shark off the dock and another large angelfish near the coral. That’s all for now! – Elise

Cool photo of a nurse shark taken by a classmate

Belize Day 9: Sun Rays and Coco Craze

Ever since the plane touched down in Belize, I’ve been craving a fresh coconut. Now at Glover’s Reef, I’m a tree’s length away from complete happiness. As soon as we hopped off the boat, my eyes bounced from the nurse shark swimming under the deck to the mangroves lining the island to the coconut tree towering above the deck. I set down my bags and hugged the tree, trying to inch my body up. I tried a running start. I tried throwing pieces of dried coral at the coconuts. Nothing. Luckily, there were some old coconuts lying around on the ground. My friends came over to help, feeling the same coconut craving. We tried pounding the coconut with a conch shell. We tried throwing the coconut hard onto the sand. We tried banging the coconut on the edge of a cement stair. Luckily, this finally made a dent, and the warm, probably fermented, water dripped out for everyone to get a taste. 

TRS_0001 (Climbing for Coco – 05/24/25)

Our class regrouped in the central hammock area for a tour of the island (we – and the crabs – have the whole island to ourselves!). We walked through a trail lined with sand lilies and dotted with crabs and discovered a bowl of fresh mangos in the dining area. Nothing can beat the fresh fruit, marine biodiversity, and sea breeze of this little island. The only parts that will take some getting used to are Clivus, the composting toilet (a glorified porta potty,) and the jumping, biting sand flies. 

(The Crabs’ Island – 05/24/25)

(Clivus – 05/26/28)

The self-sufficient ecosystem here is incredible. Because the soil is sandy (it can’t hold freshwater) and saltwater constantly washes over the island during storms, the only vegetation that can grow here is the hardiest, most saline-tolerant, and undemanding plant, like a mangrove. Around the island, baby mangroves continue to take root and expand the island just for storms to shrink it back down – the island– it’s a never-ending struggle. 

(Baby Mangrove – 05/24/25)

I love hanging my feet off the deck and watching marine animals swim through the clear water. Before dinner, the whole class sat down on the dock in a line, identifying a school of bonefish and needlefish while breathing in the salty calmness. We’re all super excited to get past the dock and into the water tomorrow! After we get comfortable in our gear, we’ll boat to our “open aquarium” (the reef) where I’m really hoping to be able to identify some sponges, see parrotfish gnawing at coral, and experience the vibrant ecosystem. 

(Relaxing by the Dock – 05/24/25)

 

Peace,

Lily H. 🙂