Tag Archives: Piscivorous fish

Travel Day/Reflection

Well, we left Glover’s reef this morning and now I’m back in Houston.

As I look back on my time in Belize, I can’t help but marvel at how the tropical rainforest and coral reef each tell their own story, yet share so many similarities. Both are vibrant ecosystems teeming with life, where every inch seems to host something new and surprising. Whether it was towering trees covered in epiphytes or coral heads bursting with schools of fish, these places had layers upon layers of life that created an overwhelming sense of wonder.

One thing that really struck me is how both the rainforest and reef are built in three dimensions. In the rainforest, I saw how even a single tree could be home to ants, epiphytes, and hidden birds’ nests, all stacked together in this complex network. The reef felt the same way, with fish weaving between corals and sea fans swaying with the current. All of this structure gives room for so many different species to coexist, which I think is a big reason why they’re both so incredibly diverse.

Of course, there were some big differences too. The rainforest felt dark and mysterious, with all sorts of insects crawling around on the forest floor. The reef was much brighter and more colorful, with fish flashing by and rays of sunlight piercing the water. The rainforest almost felt ancient and hushed, like a hidden cathedral, while the reef seemed alive with constant motion and sound.

When I first signed up for this course, I knew I’d be learning a lot about these ecosystems, but I didn’t realize how much of it would come from actually being out in the field. I loved being able to see everything up close and hear about the unique ways plants and animals interact. My absolute favorite moment was the day we explored the ATM caves. The crystal-clear water, the towering ceilings, and the human history woven into that space made it feel completely surreal. It was something I’ll never forget. On the other hand, I could have done without the cockroach invasion that first night at Las Cuevas! Finding them in my pillow was definitely a low point, but it gave me a whole new appreciation for how adaptable those little creatures are.

Three things really stand out that I know I’ll remember for years. First, I was amazed to learn that even though the rainforest is so green and lush, the soil itself isn’t rich in nutrients. The nutrients are mostly in the plants and animals themselves, and as things break down, they’re recycled really quickly back into the ecosystem. Second, seeing how mutualistic relationships work in both the rainforest and the reef was eye-opening. Whether it was ants defending cecropia trees or coral polyps sheltering algae, it was so cool to see how cooperation really drives these ecosystems forward. Lastly, hearing Rafael Manzanero from FCD talk about conservation challenges made me realize how complicated it all is. It’s not just about protecting animals or trees, but about balancing people’s livelihoods and the forest itself. It got me thinking about environmental law and how real conservation work has to include everyone.

This trip taught me to embrace both the awesome and the uncomfortable moments. I’ll never forget seeing a puma in our camera trap photos, swimming alongside parrotfish on the reef, or watching the sun go down from the bird tower in the rainforest. Five years from now, I’m sure I’ll still be thinking about the night we caught a squid off the dock and the quiet moment in the rainforest when it hit me just how alive everything really is. I’m so grateful for every day of this experience, even the ones with cockroaches in my bed.

(Photos taken by Scott Solomon)

-Emily

Day 13: Reef Mysteries

This morning, we set off to study the differences between Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) and non-MPAs. We wanted to survey the different areas and observe differences in algal growth, coral structures, fish biodiversity, bleaching, and general species presence. To do this, we decided to utilize quadrant sampling. We hypothesized that the MPAs will have higher biodiversity and greater reef health as compared to non-MPAs.

Out on the reef, I saw so many yellow jacks! I actually saw some preying on what appeared to be some clown wrasses near the edge/by a reef drop-off. They were very quick and would swim off as soon as they had caught the wrasse in their mouth. We also saw a dolphin swimming by the boat on our way back to the island!

After returning from our morning adventure out on the reef, we compiled all of the data each pair had collected and observed the results. In general, our findings were a bit inconclusive and there was quite a bit of margin for error.

Our presentations today were on cryptobenthic fish, groupers, and a deeper dive on wrasses. The cryptobenthic fish presentation was interesting and a bit eye opening, as the quantity of these small fish is actually so great and their entire survival strategy is dependent on constantly reproducing in vast numbers.

-Emily

Day 12: Catch of the day

Today we got together in the wet lab and went through all of our findings from the parrotfish study yesterday. On the striped parrotfish, we found that they usually swim in large, informal groups that re-convene at the edge of the coral or in the sea grass. We mostly observed juveniles, although there was at least one male spotted in both of our groups. On average, it was around 5-6 fish that we would see swimming together. Usually the fish were eating algae off of grass, but sometimes they would also eat off of coral.

When all of the parrotfish groups got together, we found that all of the species had been eating algae, and only a few of them would appear to actually be eating pebbles or the seagrass itself. Also, all of the species primarily lived near reef edges.

Later on, we went out into the shallow waters to try and collect any creatures we could catch and birng them back to the wet lab to analyze. I was really impressed with how some TFBs could just snatch them right out of the water. I successfully caught a fish too! I’m not even sure how I did it, it practically just swam right into my tray. The creepiest catch was definitely the box jellyfish Elise caught near the mangroves. Apparently it was just hanging out near her leg! I don’t think the box jellies here are nearly as dangerous as the Australian ones, but it was still horrifying to hear that we were just standing that close to them the whole time.

In the water I also saw a lot more needlefish! They were super fast and too smart to get caught in our meagre trays and buckets, but I observed them swimming near the surface in groups of 3-4 and darting around, presumably catching smaller fish just like us.

For our poster on the parrotfish today, I took the job of illustrating our observations-the fish! It was really cool to put them on the paper and try to match each of their unique colors to the reference pictures we had.

This afternoon, we went on a walk around the island and spent a good amount of time in the coral graveyard. It was fascinating to observe the gradient of color, starting with the living coral in the sea, and finally progressing to the grey, dead coral that had been fossilized and is now fully exposed on the shore. We also picked up many little creatures that lived in the shallow waters along the coast.

I gave my presentation on piscivorous fish tonight, and we learned about sharks and rays in addition to angelfish. Angelfish also practice protogynous hermaphroditism, which I really did not know about before this trip, but seems to be quite common among the reef fish.

Tonight, instead of going for a night snorkel due to precarious wind conditions, we fished off of the dock! The highlight BY FAR was Claire D catching a squid! It was absolutely unbelievable-she somehow captured the (not so) little guy on the first try in a tiny net and successfully transferred it to one of the buckets we had set up. Once in the bucket, the squid inked! In addition to the squid, we also collected fish, shrimp, and a glass eel! It was one of, if not the most, memorable nights of the trip thus far.

Screenshot

-Emily

Day 11: Parrotfish

Today we set off to observe some parrotfish in the reef! We decided to highlight 4 species: striped, red tail, stoplight, and red band. Our research methods involve recording and following the fish around for 5 minutes and noting their behavioral patterns in the reef. We split into pairs and designated different portions of the reef to each group as to minimize the potential overlap there may be. Generally, we are asking what the parrotfish eat and which species are eating what. Tomorrow morning we are going to come back and analyze all of these findings.

(Striped parrotfish would occasionally venture in smaller numbers into the reef, but would spend most of their time in larger groups near the edge, constantly eating algae)

While we were out on the reef, I also saw a few piscivorous fish. On the surface of the water, I saw a few needlefish darting by. Near the reef edges, I observed a few groups of Spanish mackerel swimming together. I also saw several yellow jacks while observing the parrotfish. So far, I have not seen any of my piscivorous fish preying or attacking other fish, but I’m sure if I watch them for any extended period of time that’s bound to happen.

(donkey dung sea cucumber found)

I sat out of the afternoon snorkel for some personal reasons, which was definitely the right call for me, and I got to rest up a bit, which felt really good.

This afternoon, we heard some presentations from the people who work here at Glover’s Reef. It was cool to hear about the goals and mission of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), which is the parent organization that runs this station and several others. They aim to conserve and protect both the lands and waters of Belize, connecting the two. Also, they are making a special effort to manage the natural resources in a sustainable way.

The marine biologist here told us a bit about the fishing practices allowed that prevent damage to the marine ecosystems. There is a strict limit on the amount of fishing that cane be done, and there are guidlines in place for the popular conch and lobster seasons. There are also coast guards stationed here on the island who carry weapons and scare off any illegal activities.

The taxon presentations highlighted surgeonfish and wrasses, which actually both participate in some unique practices on the reef in which they clean other fish that would often be their natural predators.

-Emily

Day 10: First dips

This morning we went out for our first snorkel! It was hardly a real snorkel, we really just dipped our flippers in the water and tested our new gear out. But still, it was a great time and I was reminded of how sensitive my eyes are to salt water!

(some pretty shells by the room)

In the afternoon, we set off for a deeper look into our taxa in the reef, and I got to see a lot of my piscivorous fish out in the wild! I saw several yellow jack swimming among sea roads, some black groupers near the floor by some dead corals, and also a Nassau grouper hanging out in a little creviceby the bottom of the reef. It was really exciting to see the fish after researching them before this trip.

Later on, some of us got dressed up to take pictures on the dock!

KODAK Digital Still Camera

This evening, we heard taxon presentations on angelfish, damselfish, and I did my topic lecture on the evolution and ecology of damselfish. I think the trickiest part of this week will be limiting my sun exposure, as I really do not want to get cooked on the trip.

-Emily

Day 9: Reef Arrival!

Today we set off for the reef! The boat ride from mainland Belize to Glover’s was so breathtaking and only a bit choppy in the middle. As soon as we got off the boat it felt like we were transported to a magical, new place. We got to just hang out a bit in the evening before dinner and presentations, which highlighted parrotfish, soft corals, and then a lecture on the ecology and evolution of parrotfish.

It was cool to learn about the hormonal mechanisms in parrotfish that cause them to transition from females into males if needed. Apparently, they also sleep for nearly 10 hours every day in a mucus bubble that protects them from potential predators.

The soft corals presentation really highlighted all of the soft corals we will be seeing in the upcoming days, which is getting me hyped for all of the snorkeling to come!

I have not seen any cockroaches on the island so far, and since we have not snorkeled yet I cannot report anything on my reef taxon. I have seen some insane crabs, though! The land crabs are so terrifying, I had no idea there would be so many of them or that they would be this large. I wish that they didn’t always hang out by the showers at night but it seems they are relatively harmless, just a bit terrifying.

-Emily

PRE-DEPARTURE POST!

Hey y’all, my name is Emily Stanford and I’m a rising junior majoring in Cognitive Sciences and minoring in Politics, Law, and Social Thought. I’m writing this while triple-checking my packing list and trying to convince myself I don’t need to bring a fourth notebook (I probably do). T-6 hours until we’re Belize-bound!

I’m really looking forward to just being out in the field: mud, bugs, weird smells and all. I think I’m most excited for our time at Las Cuevas. I’ve spent a lot of time reading about tropical forests, but never actually been in one, so I feel like it’s going to blow my mind. I’m also so curious to see how my understanding of ecosystems shifts when I’m seeing them up close, watching ants build bridges or hearing frog calls in the middle of the night. Glover’s Reef sounds amazing too. I’ve snorkeled a few times before, but never over a living reef, so I can’t wait to see what that’s like.

To prepare for the trip, I’ve been reviewing our readings and putting together ID cards for cockroaches (which I now have a weird appreciation for?) and piscivorous reef fishes. I’ve also been trying to build some observational habits, bringing a notebook on walks, slowing down, paying attention to plants I’d usually ignore. I’ve done some traveling in the tropics before (I lived in Indonesia for five years growing up…I’ve included an image from the last time I was in the Monkey Forest in Ubud) but this will be my first time doing formal fieldwork, and I’m excited to see what that feels like as a student.

I’m a little nervous about keeping up with the physical demands of the trip, it’s one thing to hike, another to hike with a soggy notebook and binoculars while covered in sweat. I’m also slightly anxious about making mistakes or missing obvious things in the field, but I think that’s part of the learning curve. Mostly, I’m just excited. I’m hoping to come back from this trip with better field skills, a more intuitive sense of the systems I’ve studied, and some great stories to tell.

D-7 Lion Fish Ceviche, Finally!

Hi everyone!

Today marks our last full day at Glover’s and our last day of snorkeling!


Being our last day of Glover’s means that we have to begin packing and be ready to become immersed in a completely different ecosystem: the rainforest. Yet, I am getting ahead of myself, before we can start something new we have to finish our older projects. This was precisely the goal of today’s snorkel. We visited another non-marine protected area to collect our fourth data set. At first I was a bit skeptical about whether we would be able to collect the data with the weather conditions as it looked fairly windy. Yet, thankfully our skills have highly improved! After having gathered our data for the remaining site we all got to enjoy a fun snorkel.

It was during this second snorkel that I got to see a grey triggerfish. It was hiding behind a large patch of coral and it only came out after I swam by. It was a bit larger than I had anticipated, yet its approximate size fits between the size range I encountered during my earlier research on piscivorous fish of Belize. I am glad that I got to see another fish on my taxon ID card, and I hope to get to see the remainder on my next trip to Belize!

Our team also managed to catch yet another lion fish during our leisure snorkel. We see this piscivorous fish nearly at every patch we visit; after all, that seems pretty fitting of an invasive species! This time the lion fish was very small. After dinner we made use of all three fish that were captured during our time here. Yet before eating them we dissected them, gendered them, and removed any contents such as fat, liver and stomach that are commonly not eaten in ceviche.



Then Chef Solomon took over to make the ceviche. Here is a photo of the lion fish ceviche that was made!

D-6 Fossils, trash, & a naked crab?

Hi everyone!

Much like other days today was great! Early in the morning we got to go to the fore reef which was a little intimidating at first but also super cool! There we got to see a green turtle at the bottom and many, many sea walnuts (which were beyond adorable.) I am so glad we visited although we were only able to stay for a short while due to the weather conditions of the atoll at this time of the year. Even though I loved the experience I will say one thing: I am so grateful I decided to take Dramamine during breakfast. I think I would have felt seasick if I had decided to tough it out!

After we got back to Glover’s we all did a group clean-up of the beach. Together we picked up around 65kg of trash; I’m pretty proud of us! In the process, we also collected data on how much of the trash could be disposed of here at Glover’s and how much would have to be shipped to the mainland to be disposed of. Yet, perhaps the coolest part of our findings is that different areas of the island allow for different efficiency in collecting said trash, therefore if there is limited man power, we found that there are certain areas were effort should be a priority! While cleaning the coast, one member of our team found something that kind of shocked us all:

We are still unsure of how this level of preservation happened but it is so pristine that we were able to identify it as a type of box fish. During this trip I had heard about box fish, yet I didn’t know too much about them as they are omnivores and therefore not part of my taxa, piscivorous fish. Yet, seeing this little guy prompted me to learn a lot more about these fish, and honestly they are really cool!

Making today even better, before dinner we saw a hermit crab switch shells; I thought I would never get to see this, but this trip truly is full of surprises at every turn!

D-5 Barracuda:1, Maggy:0

Hi everyone!

I’m so glad to say that our team has actually gotten so much better at using our tools out in the field! We went out today to two more coral reef patches and were able to collect data the first time it took 40 minutes and the second time it took 30 minutes, both of which are a great improvement from yesterday’s hour long data collection at a single patch! I was also super glad to see some of the Tunicates Sophie talked about in her taxon lecture last night. Considering how small they are I thought I wouldn’t spot them, but the second patch we visited actually had a ton laying around in many of the corals. Our group also saw and captured a second lionfish today. This one was much smaller than the one collected yesterday. But mostly everyone in the group seems very excited to have lionfish “ceviche.” Regarding our sea urchin collecting we were able to find a lot more than at the patch we visited yesterday! That either means we were at patches today with lots more, or that we are getting better at finding their hiding spots. Today I also happened to (for the first time) slightly rub against some fire coral. It hurt a bit right after I came in contact with it but it got a little more painful once I was out of the water. Thankfully the burning sensation subsided in about half an hour! Another new experience I had today was seeing a barracuda for the first time! It was actually huge and really intimidating. I was kinda shocked by its behavior as well, but I could see how it is fitting of a piscivorous fish! While most fish I have encountered so far on this trip tend to see any of us and turn and swim the other way, when the barracuda and I made eye contact instead of swimming away it began swimming towards me. Let me tell you as soon as I saw that I started swimming the other way! After seeing that barracuda I had no idea I would see another one, but I happened to see yet another at the Glover’s reef gift shop!